Marriage Is Beautiful, And Happy Thing - 897 Words

Truth Hurts In reality we all believe that marriage is beautiful, and happy thing. We see on television all the time, how happy these marriages are. In reality not everything is at always as it seems, I guess you can say everything is not what it seems behind the curtain. Marriage is supposed to be about, love, and being there for one another. People need to see that everything always isn t, always rainbows, and sunshine. People need to realize, that you need to work through things, and not just jump to conclusions. Marriage is when two individuals become one person, and unite in holy matrimony. Marriage is a beautiful thing, it shouldn’t be taken for granted. You have to work things through, and you cant take your spouse for granted. Marriage is a great thing to have, I wish someday myself I could be blessed with a beautiful marriage, and someday be happy forever with a wife, and children. I think that’s everyone s dream someday is to be able to have a family of there own. I feel like today we see that people are taking advantage of one another. There not in a relationship to be together, I guess you can say that they are just using each other for there own personal gain. In the story Yellow Wallpaper The narrator begins her journal by marveling at the grandeur of the house and grounds her husband has taken for their summer vacation. She describes it in romantic terms as an aristocratic estate or even a haunted house and wonders how they were able to affordShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1268 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin is a very creative author not only is she creative in her literature but also very realistic. 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In the following paragraphs, I will expound on some of the thoughtsRead MoreLove : What Makes A Marriage Last?1072 Words   |  5 PagesLove: What really makes a Marriage last Public speaker and author of the books: If It Was Easy They d Call the Whole Damn Thing a Honeymoon: Living With and Loving the TV-Addicted, Sex-Obsessed, Not-So-Handy Man You Married, The Parent Trip: From High Heels and Parties to Highchairs and Potties and Cheers to the New Mom/Cheers to the New Dad, Jenna McCarthy refers to herself as the love child of Chelsea Handler and Dr. Phil. Jenna McCarthy made the audience roll with laughter, as she talked aboutRead MoreLove That Can Kill By Kate Chopin1425 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about marriage, we think it is happy moments with loved ones. It is knowing that someone has your back. Also, it is wishing you were the one having the operation or the ill. Not him. It is hard work that not all people can handle. Marriage is hard work that needs to be made from love. Wife needs to be the person that keeps the house in good look and supports her husband. As for the husband he needs to be the head of the family that helps his wife to keep th eir marriage. Marriage is built onRead MoreWhen We Think About Marriage, We Think It Is Filled With1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about marriage, we think it is filled with happy moments with loved ones. It is knowing that someone has your back. Also, it is wishing you were the one having the operation or the illness. Not him. It is full of hard work that not all people can handle. Marriage is hard work that needs to be created from love. The wife needs to be the person who keeps the house comfortable and supports her husband. As for the husband, he needs to be the head of the family and who keeps the marriage alive. MarriageRead MorePersuasive essay - Love1494 Words   |  6 PagesLove is a beautiful thing. It makes people happy. It can change a person, and show someone things that they never knew about themselves. It lifts one up, knowing there is always someone who will stand by their side through anything. It brings people together, and makes the world a better place. Some pe ople may disagree; they might think love is just a fantasy. Either way, it is a fantasy that everyone deserves to dream of and experience in all its glory, whether straight, lesbian, gay, bisexual,Read More Wedding Toasts – Perhaps Others Have Said it Best Essay789 Words   |  4 Pageswith you. Every day you look lovelier and lovelier, and today you look like tomorrow. To quote John Keatss immortal line, A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Heres to you, my beautiful bride. Weret the last drop in the well, An I gaspd upon the brink, Ere my fainting spirit fell, Tis to thee that I would drink. Lord Byron The world is happy and colorful, And life itself is new. And I am very grateful for The friend I found in you. 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Wife needs to be the person that keeps the house in good look and supports her husband. As for husband h e needs to be the head of the family that helps his wife to keep their marriage. Marriage is built on loveRead More Humorous Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride Essay773 Words   |  4 Pageslike to say how proud I am to be giving away my beautiful baby sister today. I know I speak on behalf of my mother and the rest of Meradith’s family when I say how proud we are today to see Meradith looking so beautiful, finally married to Naren. During the time we have known him we have come to realise how special he is to Meradith, and everyone can see how they are made for each other. He is really likable and easy going, and we are happy to welcome him formally into our family. At this

Professional Ethics in Geography Essay - 1497 Words

For any professional establishment, ethics is considered an important aspect within the work place. Ethics are a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms others. For professional ethics, they encompass the personal, organizational, and corporate standards of behavior expected. These may include honesty, integrity, accountability, respectfulness, confidentiality, etc. For professional geographers - whether it is non-profit, profit, or a government agency – it is important to ensure that these ethics are being used and that we treat the products/data, the people we work with, and the work place with respect. The issues relating to professional geographers include control of and access to†¦show more content†¦There are many ways that someone can be discriminated against which include but not limited to age, class, ethnicity, gender, marital status, nationality, politics, physical disability, race, religion, or sexual orien tation. It is extremely important for professional geographers to not only comply with all federal laws, state laws, and institutional procedures, but also avoid unfair employment practices whenever they are encountered. To be able to sustain communities, geographers should strive to create and maintain a diverse, pluralistic, and inclusive professional community. By creating ethically standard environment - the geography companies, corporations’, or agencies achieve credibility from the public. A professional community comprises a set of social relations and communications in which individuals define and locate themselves. (1) It is a social and moral place where people fit in, where lives have significance and principle, and from which persons’ obtain part of their identity. As members of the geographical community, it is the ethical accountability of geographers to value the decorum of persons, to value a variety of intellectual commitments and projects, and to trea t colleagues with respect in written, verbal, and electronic communication. Lastly with promoting fairness in hiring, hiring actions shouldShow MoreRelatedEthical Healthcare Issues There are questions about transplant allocation in regards to the four900 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to the four major ethical principles in medical ethics: beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence and justice. Beneficence is the â€Å"obligation of healthcare providers to help people† that are in need, autonomy is the â€Å"right of patients to make choices† in regards to their healthcare, nonmaleficence, is the â€Å"duty of the healthcare providers to do no harm†, and justice is the â€Å"concept of treating everyone in a fair manner† (Medical Ethics the Rationing of Health Care: Introduction, n.d., p.Read MoreEthics and Moral Values in Professional Context1719 Words   |  7 PagesPROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND MORAL VALUES SHALABH KULSHRESHTHA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE Direct_2_shalabh@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Ethics, also called MORAL PHILOSOPHY, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles. How should we live? 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Wigginton was employed as a high school English and Geography teacher in a rural, â€Å"backwoods† environment teeming with teenage malevolence, ignorance, and arrogance. These teenagers hated the traditional method of learning- long and boring texts. Wigginton’s own teachers were the same way. He explains thatRead MoreHigh Levels Of Service, Ethics And Integrity Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesAhmed Khan 24 Woodscape Ct, Pekin, Illinois 61554 Phone: 847-668-4001 Email: akhan.usa@outlook.com Results-driven executive with experience in building and leading motivated professional teams dedicated to highest levels of service, ethics and integrity. Strong interpersonal, communications, analytical, negotiation, problem solving and project management. Independent, creative and critical thinker with sound judgment and decision-making authority. Change agent, innovator and pioneer in qualityRead MoreLiterature Search Assignment : Bsn Rn Vs. Adn Degree1180 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch can be done regarding the question: How does a BSN degree influence nursing career and performance compared to an ADN degree in nursing? Journal Article Grid [Article # 1] Level of Evidence: V Fisher, M. (2014). A comparison of professional value development among pre-licensure nursing students in associate degree, diploma, and Bachelor of Science in nursing programs. Nursing Education Perspectives (National League For Nursing), 35(1), 37-42. doi:10.5480/11-729.1 Purpose Sample DesignRead More My Teaching Philosophy and Goals Essay605 Words   |  3 Pageschild. One of my goals would be to try to make a difference in each child’s life. I want to provide unlimited learning opportunities as well as various teaching strategies. My educational ethics are in the philosophical views of Essentialism. The basics of reading, writing, math, history, and geography are an important part of the curriculum. 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Police Racial Profiling in America Free Essays

string(111) " psychology at the University of California at Berkeley while working crime scenes in San Leandro, California\." POLICE: RACIAL PROFILING IN AMERICA Naomi D. Hopkins Stevens-Henager College APP 101 9 February 2013 Abstract This paper will discuss the relationship between Fear and how it relates to Racial Profiling in Police Practices. We will also discuss and illustrate real life examples under which Racial Profiling has occurred and how it is scientifically defined. We will write a custom essay sample on Police: Racial Profiling in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now The communication between peace officers and ordinary everyday citizens will also be examined. Police: Racial Profiling in America The issue of Racial Profiling in America by our Police Force is an undeniable truth and tragedy. Steve Holbert and Lisa Rose in their book the color of Guilt Innocence recount a story of a Caucasian woman who is forced to walk alone with her young daughter down dark unfamiliar San Francisco streets at night in the dark. We’ll call this woman Lisa. She had just exited a train car with her young daughter and was walking down the dark streets unsure of her surroundings when she noticed that a stranger man, whose features she couldn’t make out, was following her and her daughter. Lisa had heard and seen reports about a young man in his mid-20s that was dark complected and had been robbing tourists. She felt her body tighten as she began breathing rapidly and she had quickened her pace pulling her daughter along without realizing it, until her daughter started pulling her in the opposite direction because she had dropped her candy cane that she had gotten from the cable car employee earlier that evening. After her experience in the city, she began to question whether the irrational fear of monsters conjured up in the mind of a four year old was so different from the â€Å"monsters in the closet† we perceive as adults, the only difference being that the â€Å"monsters† we see as adults have a face and the face is of those who are different or those whose skin color is darker than our own. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). This begs the question, â€Å"Did she fear this man because it was nighttime and she couldn’t see him and was unsure of her s urroundings? Or was it because the man following her reminded her of that minority man who had been on the news who was robbing tourists? This brings to mind another quote I found while writing this paper: â€Å"Rather, racial profiling is more about our human response to an instinctual and primitive fear buried deep in each one of us. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) On the subject of Fear and Racism, I’m led to another quote in the book used primarily for my research on this very subject as it relates to American Law Enforcement practices. When we ponder the concept of fear in the comfort of a classroom, almost all would agree that to fear a person because of skin color, religious affiliation, or appearance is irrational. In the phobic sense, this fear is xenophobia, the fear and/or hatred of foreigners or anything that is foreign. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). I would even go so far as to say that contempt prior to investigation is in itself, a form or fear and intolerance. How can we judge a situation, let alone a person, accurately without all the facts? Do we assume we are Gods or Goddesses that are worthy to judge our fellow men or women? If so, what makes us so different, or dare I say, â€Å"Superior† to another? I am reminded of my own feelings, when as a small child; I made the decision to say that â€Å"all white people are racist. † This statement in and of itself is in fact, a form or racial profiling. That is, I was judging a certain race of people, in this case, whites and assuming that I had gathered enough information to do so. This brings me to another quote out of my research, â€Å"To understand the complexities of prejudice, racism, and racial profiling, we must first explore the origin of fear and understand how it can dictate the way in which our body responds to outside stimuli long before we become consciously aware of the racial implications. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). In fact, the word â€Å"fear† comes from the old English word for â€Å"danger. † When we, as human beings, experience fear our brains respond to perceived danger by using three distinct systems. The first is called Primal or Primitive fear system, and is found in most animals and mammals. This system responds first by alerting the body to any danger. This reaction is automatic and triggers our â€Å"fight or flight† response. The second is triggered by the â€Å"fight or flight† response and is the mind’s Rational or logical fear system. â€Å"This system takes over in an effort to assess the potential danger and weighs options for survival or escape. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). This system effectively plans possibilities we need to consider to escape an immediate or future threat. The third system is called a person’s Consciousness or Awareness, and acts as a mediator between Primal Fear and Rational Thought. This system will strike a balance between the mind’s emotion and reason and will become the ultimate decision maker in the entire process. Now, let’s examine some history on racial profiling that is actually quite interesting. This thought brings me to another quote I pulled out of this book I used to research this topic/ â€Å"Start with a good idea. Test it thoroughly, and use it with care. Put it in the hands of those who don’t have the experience and training to apply it properly. Add a little discrimination and pressure, and turn up the heat for 20 years. What do you get? Racial Profiling. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). â€Å"In a nutshell, this is the story of Howard Teten, a former FBI Chief of research in the late 1950s who many criminologists credit with popularizing the concept of â€Å"criminal profiling. † A man who lived the best of both worlds, Mr. Teten studied psychology at the University of California at Berkeley while working crime scenes in San Leandro, California. You read "Police: Racial Profiling in America" in category "Essay examples" Back in the 1950s, cops typically looked for clues at a crime scene to try to tie the crime to a particular suspect. Teten took this concept one step further by looking at the manner in which the criminal committed the crime in order to develop a psychological profile. This profile ultimately helped officers identify a criminal’s personality traits and mental state and led to a classification of potential suspects who could have committed the crime. † (Holbert S; Rose, L 2004). This very method, which is called â€Å"criminal profiling†, has been widely distorted, especially when it comes to the United States â€Å"War on Drugs. For example, it is assumed that if a person, particularly a person belonging to a minority group (that is not white or Caucasian), is seen wearing gold jewelry that is large in size, a â€Å"corn roll† hair style, baggy clothes, and perhaps gold teeth, Law Enforcement Officials automatically assume that this individual is a â€Å" drug courier,† or an individual that smuggles drugs or money into or out of the country. It can be said that a person’s appearance, jewelry, and travel habits can be used as a basis for identifying and prosecuting those involved in the â€Å"drug trade. The end result of these discriminatory attitudes is that these â€Å"profiles† do not demonstrate â€Å"good science† or offer sensible approaches to productive Law Enforcement procedures. Now, let’s examine the other side of the coin, as it were as it relates to basic race relations. When we all think of a police officer, we all have this stereotypical view that they are tough, intimidating, and very arrogant. In actuality, police officers have learned their very behavior and personality traits from the general public. Most people, when contacted by a police officer, become irritated, hostile, overbearing, and even belligerent. So, in turn, officers have learned how to desensitize or become â€Å"numb† to their emotions and feelings. It wouldn’t be a far cry to say that they have learned to behave as â€Å"not human† just so that they can get through their day without having to worry about what they said, was it rude, right or wrong, what the repercussions might be, and so on. So it is accurate to say that the general public ourselves, have contributed to the attitudes and behaviors of our own Police Force in America. What we don’t hear about or realize often times is that when an officer goes on duty, he or she faces any number of different variables. For example, having a gun pulled on them, being attacked, being shot, taken hostage, being kidnapped, and any number of other things that would threaten or endanger their lives either mortally or fatally. I will illustrate an example of what ought to be advertised when hiring police officers: WANTED: LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: Must be a social worker, mediator, a fighter, a priest. Must be savvy to the criminal element yet have an unblemished criminal background. Candidates should be compassionate yet distant. Intimidating yet gentle. Aggressive yet always in control. Daily risk of death. Low Pay. Must be willing to work all hours of the day and night in hazardous and extreme conditions. The Faint of Heart need not apply. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) WANTED: LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: Must be a social worker, mediator, a fighter, a priest. Must be savvy to the criminal element yet have an unblemished criminal background. Candidates should be compassionate yet distant. Intimidating yet gentle. Aggressive yet always in control. Daily risk of death. Low Pay. Must be willing to work all hours of the day and night in hazardous and extreme conditions. The Faint of Heart need not apply. Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) Realizing these facts, we all ought to be a little gentler with the officer next time we are pulled over for speeding or contacted about a conflict resolution issue. Police Officers deserve respect, but they also do not have the right to demand respect, and it is the same with the rest of us. That being said, when we think of â€Å"use of force† by police officer s, we all know the familiar image conjured up; the Rodney King beating on March 3 1991. In case you’re wondering, the case went to trial and all of the officers involved were NOT convicted. The result was the L. A. Riots of 1992. When we think of this case, we wonder, what could have gone so wrong in our justice system? The answer is not as clear as one might speculate. The â€Å"code of silence† is as much to blame as ignorant and wrong attitudes are to blame. â€Å"The Code of Silence† also known as â€Å"The Blue Wall of Silence† is based on the premise that an officer does not reveal negative information about a fellow police officer. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). I can recall an experience I had in California with an officer who responded to a call about me when I was homeless and sleeping in my vehicle. The officer responded alone, without backup, and contacted myself and two friends of mine. He falsely accused us of smoking weed, arrested my friend for a warrant she had, shined his flashlight deliberately in my face, and pulled his Taser on me when I reacted unfavorably to his â€Å"bullying behavior. † I then had to demand that he call his Watch Commander, or Supervisor out to the field to discuss what happened and what I wanted done about his misconduct. I told the Watch Commander that I wanted an apology, both written and verbal, but to my dismay, he responded and told me, â€Å"I’m sorry ma’am I cannot do that. If I promise to talk to him about this incident, will you refrain from reporting it? † I was appalled to say the least. I later had to go through the channels to report this incident at the Police Department in person, but this is a prime real-life example of â€Å"The Code of Silence† in action. How many times has this happened to other citizens, but for whatever reason, they are too afraid or intimidated to report such misconduct. If we as a society wish our Police Force to be more accountable, we must take the action to make sure that happens. Otherwise, we are just birds preaching to a choir with deaf ears. The sad fact is that many Police Departments still retain the right to â€Å"police† themselves on such issues of misconduct and â€Å"use of force† incidents. This is the main reason that the officers involved in the Rodney King beating of 1991 were cleared of guilt. First of all, to even file a complaint against a police officer, citizens must endure a lengthy and time consuming process that involves appearing in person at the police department, then weeding through the trouble and intimidation of even telling a department employee or filling out a report about the alleged incident, and sometimes are refused and intimidated out of that process. Second and most important, even after all that trouble has been endured by the complainant, little or nothing is ever done about the problem other than to refer it to the Internal Affairs Division of the police department and they in themselves have their own policies and procedures which may or may not include final review by the Chief of Police and even then, the issue may not be resolved to the satisfaction of the complainant. In conclusion, I have learned it is sometimes better to ignore arrogant and racist comments by officers unless I have the time to devote to a complaint and investigation process. I’ll end with this quote from Martin Luther King, Jr. â€Å"We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people. † (King Jr. , Martin Luther 1963) References Holbert, S; Rose, L (2004) the color of GUILT INNOCENCE RACIAL PROFILING AND POLICE PRACTICES IN AMERICA King Jr. , Martin Luther (1963) â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† April 16, 1963 Retrieved from www. history1900sabout. com/od/martinlutherkingjr/a/mlkquotes. htm How to cite Police: Racial Profiling in America, Essay examples

Effectiveness And Relevance of Examinations in Today Educational Conte

Question: Discuss about the Effectiveness And Relevance of Examinations in Todays Educational Context. Answer: Introduction Examinations have been viewed as a menace to student over the years as they are pervasive and pressure-packed. In Singapore, the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) was established to oversee the National Examination Structure to ensure the country maintains the international standards of education (Tan, 2008). Exams have been defined as formal evaluations that seek to measure the students knowledge and skills in a particular field. Just last week my baby sister asked me what exams are and why I had to do them. The questions evoked a series of thoughts on how effective are examinations and their relevance. Effectiveness refers to the degree which a thing is successful, while relevance points at the state of being closely connected. Tests compel the student to concentrate and learn while also creating a competitive environment for the students while also assessing the skills, talents and knowledge gain by the student. Examinations also motivate students to achieve highe r grades while instilling punctuality, time management, and public address power. This research paper has explored how effective and relevant exams are in the present educational context. Competition Examinations have encouraged competition in the education arena. Competition affects student differently, to some, it causes stress or anxiety while for others, it might motivate them to excel. Competition doesnt only show up in a personal capacity only but also among schools. For example, during science or math fair, students often come together and pull their intellectual energy together. On the other hand, some students view examinations as a way to compete with self and therefore see it as an opportunity to better themselves. Competition Markets school choice with many preferring private schools over public schools. Since private schools perform better in examinations, the quality of education in them is deemed better compared to the public schools (Levin, 2002). Further, research has indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation between increased competition and achievement. Where there is competition, standards of performance tend to go high. Competition in th e academic arena is intertwined with that of the social field. Lastly, Competition measures how much a subject is accepted and how it has been integrated into the curriculum. By that examinations have achieved competition, they should receive more support from the academic world and enjoy broader acceptance. Learning Learning is deemed successful when a student can communicate ideas in such a ways that other people will understand him/ her. Successful learning has been achieved by use of examinations that are carried out on a continuous basis or a random basis. The ability of a student to do well in his/her examinations is proof that the student possesses both mental and general ability. Students learn with expectations of passing their exams at the end of the semester and attain a quality grade that will reflect on their knowledge in the area (Kellangham, 1995). Examinations encourage learning of transferable reasoning and analyzing skills by applying the knowledge already learned in class (Dietterich, 2003). It is important to note that tests do not only include on how much the student has grasped but also on how well he/she can apply the knowledge in real life. According to Eriksons four psychological stages of development, students must master both social skills and academic skills and keep u p with their fellow students otherwise they will feel inferior (Sigelman, 2006). Its, therefore, evident that while students learn and gain the academic knowledge, they also learning and developing social skills. Lastly, examinations have encouraged learning through identifying gaps in skills and knowledge and therefore has encouraged research and development in academic institutions, Universities have been at the forefront of research and development as part of the learning process. (National Science Foundation, 2015). Therefore tests bring forth a new way of doing something especially in the case of technical exams new inventions have been invented in trying to better the learning of students. Examinations are relevant to every scholar as it ensures students are continuously informed as reviews compel them to read resulting in absorbing knowledge. Assessment In education, the achievement of a student can be measured by his/her ability to pass the examination. All student are required to pass all their tests. For students taking doctoral exams, it a condition that they pass their test as a condition of being allowed to register for any credit beyond 45 (The Graduate Center, 2017). Examinations help facilitate students choice. A Certain career path that the student would wish to pursue demand student obtain high grades in particular course. Further, assessments have been used to accredit qualified student. For example in accounting profession course, student are required to take a regular final examination to demonstrate their knowledge or skills acquired. Also, reviews over time have been used to enable students, as well as teachers, identify faults of the material being taught and help in correcting them so that they can be well understood. Also, examinations are used to assess and rank student as they offer a controlled setting for auto nomous work and therefore used to authenticate the state of the scholars learning. Therefore evident that without assessing the progress of student by use of examinations, grading of student would not be achieved while at the same time identifying faults in the learning material and help in correcting it would not be a success. Also, accreditation of qualified students by professional bodies is made possible by use of tests hence adding variety to students learning. Conclusion Examinations can be oral, written or practical. Each type of exam requires specialized knowledge and skills to handle (Mengal, 2008). Despite many students being afraid of examination, evaluations are valid and relevant in meeting the goals of education (Dewey, 2004). Exams have proven a useful tool in the learning process as without the test most students would have no drive to read. The fear of failing in examinations compel students to be on their toes to ensure an easy time while taking the test as while at the same time attain excellent grades in all subjects that they are taking whether thought difficult or not. Also, examinations have encouraged healthy competition among scholars where student compete for better grades and receive awards among themselves as well as among learning institution. Lastly, exams help in assessing the progress achieved by the student. Some disciplines require a student to pass one level to proceed to the next one. Examinations are tailored to assess the fitness of student to progress to the next step by ensuring student develop substantive skills and knowledge in their field of study. Therefore, tests have set a benchmark and a system where academic achievement can be measured. References Levin, C. r. (2002). The Effects of Competition between Schools on Education Outcomes. Review of Educational Research, Vol. 72, pp. 279-341. Sigelman, C. (2006). Life Span Human Development (5th edition). Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth. Dewey, J. (2004). ASCD. Retrieved from ASCD website: https://www.ascd.org/publications Dietterich, T. G. (2003, May 26). Learning and Reasoning. Retrieved from Learning and Reasoning website:https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact =8ved=0ahUKEwjXnunvpJLTAhXpBcAKHSc4CJcQFggeMAAURL=https: %2F%2Fp dfs.semanticscholar.org Kellangham, V. G. (1995). Equity issues in public Examinations In developing Countries. Washington D.C.: The International Bank for Reconstruction. Mengal, M. Q. (2008). Comprehensive Balochistan general knowledge for all types of examinations. Michigan: Balochi Academy. National Science Foundation. (2015). Retrieved from National Science Foundation Website: https://www.nsf.gov/mobile/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=130814org=NSF Tan, Y. K. (2008). Examinations in Singapore. 5, Toh Tuck Link: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. The Graduate Center, C. (2017). The Graduate Centre. Retrieved from The Graduate Centre WEBSITE: https://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Doctoral-Programs/Psychology/Training

Situation Analysis for Mcdonalds free essay sample

To fulfill that, we mainly focus on high quality food and superior service in a clean, welcoming environment, at a great value. In addition to that there are marketing strategies to reach for our targets. (4p’s) When describing about our 4p’s strategy, we have selected a chicken burger as the product which belongs to fast food. And it comes with 3 sizes and 3 reasonable prices. Main cities of the country are selected for placing McDonald’s branches. Tv advertising,cutouts are the fundamental promoting methods which we used. And also we have done â€Å"S W O T† Analysis and â€Å"P E S T† analysis regarding our company to find out prevailing situation and obtained relevant data which is very important when implementing those marketing strategies. Finally, we think that we will be strong enough to give full satisfaction for the customer than ever with these new strategies. The Challenge Our challenge is to promote our new chicken burger to the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Situation Analysis for Mcdonalds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are different types of chicken burgers in the market. Those products are unhealthy fast food. Our product is different among others. Situation Analysis Quality service, Cleanliness and Value (QSCamp;V) for each amp; every customer, each and everytime McDonalds Corporation is one of the world’s leading food servicer retailers with more than 34,000 restaurants, serving more than 69 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using production line principles. Businessman Ray Kroc joined the company as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth. A McDonalds restaurant is operated by either a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. High quality food and superior service in a clean, welcoming environment, at a great value McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit. McDonald’s values include; * High quality food and superior service in a clean, welcoming environment, at a great value * High standards of fairness, honesty and integrity * Respecting the social and the physical environment McDonald’s business model depicted by our â€Å"three-legged stool† of owners/operators, suppliers and company employees, is our foundation SWOT Analysis Strengths * The renowned brand * McDonald’s product value * Customers know what to expect when they walk into a McDonald’s store.

Domain Level Cookies JavaScript Example

Domain Level Cookies JavaScript Example Web sites often have a www. sub-domain that points to the same content as the main domain. With session cookies our visitor has either accessed our site with the www. or they have accessed it without and so the fact that a cookie created for www.example.com is not accessible from example.com isnt going to matter. With first-party cookies, a visitor may very easily access our site the first time as www.example.com and the second time as example.com and so we want to create a cookie that will be accessible from both. Creating a Domain Level Cookie To make a cookie accessible from the entire domain including any sub-domains we just add a domain parameter when setting the cookie as demonstrated in this JavaScript example. You should, of course, substitute your own domain name for example.com (as example.com is a domain name specifically reserved for use in examples where it represents whatever domain name you are really using.) writeCookie function(cname, cvalue, days) {var dt, expires;dt new Date();dt.setTime(dt.getTime()(days*24*60*60*1000));expires ; expiresdt.toGMTString();document.cookie cnamecvalueexpires; domainexample.com;}

Personal Leadership Development Plan Assignment

Personal Leadership Development Plan - Assignment Example On the other hand, people have the have dreams, often have a firm vision that they follow with dedication and motivation. Successful leaders in the world of business, politics and other important dimensions are those that are motivated and driven by the beauty of their dreams (Jasper 12). It is important to realize that having dream is one thing and following it is another thing. In this case, the beauty of a dream is not in how good it sounds, but in the steps being taken towards its actualization (Field and Phil 29). In this case, it is always important that a person develop a path upon which he has to follow earnestly in achieving the dream. This calls for the development of assessment strategy and plan in order to use it in the process of achieving excellence in the identified dream, this paper examines the strategies I have developed in order develop a personal leadership plan that will enable me actualize my dream. 2.Background information Currently, I am still a junior taking my undergraduate studies where I am majoring in Pharmacy. My interests remain to excel and get an admission in Purdue University, where I hope to advance my studies and achieve my professional goals. During the summer holiday, I intend to use my time to offer my services, working at the CVS pharmacy until my time of graduation.

My Nursing Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Nursing Philosophy - Essay Example The nature and aspect of taking care of other people in the field of health is an incredible phenomenon to most nurses. Personally, I consider it a calling to assist and aid people who are in need of medical assistance and care in this field. The care of individuals from all walks of life and the different circumstances that every one of them faces is what drives me to be better at what I do. In advocating and promoting for a safe environment in which individuals of all ages, sex, and backgrounds can acquire treatment and rehabilitation, I can say that this field offers me satisfaction, which makes me believe I am changing the world. This is even if it is in the smallest way possible. Nursing, in my opinion, is the use of clinical judgment to protect, advocate, and promote for an environment that allows people to heal and live their lives to the fullest. Health is one of the elements in nursing that aids nurses in trying to comprehend the manner in which patients are to be treated wh ile in their care. The use of every available power in the nurse’s repertoire is required in this case to allow the natural order of things to take control when caring for a sick person. It is the nurse’s duty to ensure that the patient is as comfortable as they need to be while providing them with the necessary help. This is in terms of clinical assistance that may allow them to go back to their natural state of health. Nightingale (1859/1992) claimed that the art of nursing is to â€Å"unmake what God had made disease.† This statement indicates that the primary goal of nursing should be the patient’s health, which should take precedence over everything else (Parker & Smith, 2010). Environment The environment in which most patients are exposed to may determine the existing health conditions. Poor and deteriorating environments can lead to poor health and a higher level of diseases. The doctors and physicians present in the healthcare environment need to be particularly careful when handling the sickly. Doctors may be the most crucial factor in the healing of sick people in the hospital. It is the belief of countless individuals that the doctor’s clinical and professional decision in the healthcare environment is final. Failure to abide by these decisions may lead to dire consequences. It is, therefore; crucial for most of the physicians in the field to be in a position to handle most of the cases that are reported in health facilities. Maintaining an aura of professionalism on the physician’s part can work toward preserving a patient’s dignity. This is what the medical environment should be all about, and nurses assist in making this a reality. Nursing It may be different from practicing medicine because nursing is all about care of the patient/client. Placing an individual in need of care, in the best conditions, is the principle element behind nursing. Promoting health through some of the activities in the nu rsing field is what brings out the caring aspect of nurses, which differentiates them from physicians and doctors. Creating the conditions that best suit the patient can be done by anyone, but nurses know what best to do in certain, if not all situations. The proper use of different elements in the health environment should help restore clients to their natural state. Elements such as; fresh air, cleanliness, quiet, and administration of proper diet are vital to the patient’s healing. Person The biological, spiritual, psychological, and social aspects of persons/clients/patients make them multidimensional. This makes every individual unique to their present situation, and how they might relate to their medical conditions. Dealing with all individuals, regardless of their age, is difficult. Take for instance a case where an individual may be dying from an incurable disease and has already given up and may not want treatment to help them cope with their situation. Such a case i s particularly difficult for nurses

Nursing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nursing assignment - Essay Example Diffusivity of a gas is a physical constant that is derived from calculations based on the solubility of the gas in the membrane and the molecular weight of the gas. The area available for diffusion and the thickness of the membrane is anatomy dependent. Thus the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries is mostly based on the pressure gradient across the alveolar-capillary membrane. The same law applies to the transport of carbon dioxide from the capillaries to the, but carbon dioxide is more soluble than oxygen in the membrane and so diffusion limitation is seldom an issue with carbon dioxide, the elimination of which is dependent heavily on ventilation. (Walley & Russell, 1999). Besides the difference between the partial pressures of the gases in alveoli and the pulmonary capillary bed another important determinant of gas exchange is the relationship between the pulmonary capillary perfusion (Q) and alveolar ventilation (V). A well ventilated alveolus needs to have an equally well perfused capillary, with the ratio V/Q ideally 1. A three compartment model of the lungs helps to understand the perfusion and ventilation relationship. Physiological dead spaces, where exchange of gases does not take place are areas of wasted ventilation, where V/Q is greater than 1. Perfectly matched areas of ventilation and perfusion have V/Q equal to 1. Areas that contribute to venous admixture, which is the mixing of non-oxygenated with oxygenated blood after passing through the lungs, where perfusion has been wasted, in the example of the right to left shunt, V/Q is less than 1. Even in normal lung function, there is a degree of variation in the perfusion and ventilation in different areas of the lung due to gravity, which requires the extra effort in forcing blood supply through the blood vessels above the heart in an erect position. Thus the lower portion of the lobes of the lung is better perfused

Depression and Suicidal Ideation: Mental Health Case Study

Depression and Suicidal Ideation: Mental Health Case Study Introduction Mental health nursing is a complex healthcare practice, because it aims to meet the needs of clients with mental health needs, which are usually also complex and require more than a single therapeutic approach. Mental health nurses usually provide supportive and therapeutic care adhering to nursing and healthcare principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, and adhere to the principles published in the national guidance, of client-centred care focused on service user need, as enshrined in the National Service Framework for Mental Health (Department of Health, 1999). Mental health nursing usually involves the provision of ongoing, supportive therapeutic interventions and ‘talking’ therapies, which can include counselling based on established principles. This role of the mental health nurse involves the formation of a therapeutic relationship with the client, in order to support the client to development self-management and coping strategies for the ongoing control of th eir condition and its symptoms, in conjunction with pharmacological treatments. This critical essay will explore the mental health nursing care of a particular, identified patient encountered in clinical practice, in whose care the author was directly involved. It explores the provision of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to a single client who had complex health needs and challenging symptoms, reviewing the usefulness and appropriateness of the therapy, the effects or projected effects on the client’s wellbeing and symptoms, and the issues surrounding such care for the client in relation to rehabilitation and recovery as part of their mental health journey. The essay will focus on the care of one client with depression and suicidal ideation, looking not at the acute phase of mental health care, but the rehabilitation phase where the client is being supported into ways of managing symptoms and returning to a useful, active social life where they can function effectively within society. The essay focuses on the goals and principles enshrined in the NSF for Mental Health (DoH, 1999), that of achieving the best possible standards of health and wellbeing for the client and the best possible control of their symptoms. It will explore the rationales and process of the therapeutic intervention, and use this intervention within a person-centred model of counselling, support and care. Client Background and History The client, who for the purposes of this essay will be called Lisa (this being a pseudonym used to ensure client confidentiality), is a 19 year old young woman with a history of depression and suicidal ideation. Lisa first presented to the local mental health services at the age of 16, after an acute episode of physical self harm and attempted suicide. Lisa’s self-harming behaviour takes the form of cutting, usually to the arms, legs and abdomen, although she has been known at times to also cut her face and neck. During her first admission, Lisa was diagnosed as having Depression with Psychotic symptoms. She has been managed with a combination of Fluoexetine and a range of other medications, but is known to have frequent relapse due to medication non-compliance. Lisa has a complex personal and social history which goes some way to explaining her current state of mental ill health. She was abandoned by her single parent mother at the age of 11, from which time until the age of 16 she spent in local authority care, a mixture of foster homes and care facilities. At age 16 she left care and went on the streets, but at 17 after her third hospital admission was able to get into a social support programme, secure accommodation for herself, and start to attend college. Lisa is still at college, studying beauty therapy. She has a history of sexual abuse, but for the past year and a half has been living a relatively stable life, with a good social life and a busy college life. Lisa has presented this time with a relapse in her Depression, and has demonstrated a strong suicidal ideation, low mood and being very withdrawn and apathetic. She has, this time, attempted suicide through overdose of a friend’s prescribed medication accompanied by severe cutting to the arms, legs and breasts. After being medically stabilised, she was admitted to the mental health ward, and after two weeks on the ward, fully compliant with her medication, was making some progress towards rehabilitation. Discussion Norman and Ryrie (2004) describe mental health nursing as a process of working with clients to allow them to develop the skills to regain control over their lives through managing their mental health. Ultimately, mental health nursing supports clients into a phase of recovery (Tschudin, 1995), which means that they are not overwhelmed by their symptoms and can manage them through a combination of medication, personal supportive therapies, and other support, in order to lead ‘normal’ lives within society and achieve personal goals. Mental health nursing is based upon a range of principles, some of which are scientific, some of which are more holistic (Norman and Ryrie, 2004). Mental health nursing supports clients through the acute phases of their illness, via crisis management, and through the chronic stages of their illness, through longer-term processes of rehabilitation (Perkins and Repper, 2004). Quite often, mental health service users are viewed in terms of their d isease and its treatment, but the provision of true client-centred care should start off with a good understanding of the client and their condition, their particular needs, and then be followed by a judgement about how best to help them towards recovery along the spectrum of mental health and illness (Perkins and Repper, 2004; Foreyt and Poston, 1999). Recovery cannot be considered as a finite point in time, but as an ongoing balance between the client and their illness, wherein the client aims to achieve the ability to function at the level they desire, through accessing appropriate support (Perkins and Repper, 2004; Greenberger and Padesky, 1995)). The judgement about what kind of support is best is based upon a number of factors, but most often, the decision about which of the many approaches to supportive therapies and counselling will be used is based upon both the client need, and the mental health nurse’s own knowledge about, experience of, and preference for, a parti cular form of therapy (Puentes, 2004). Mental health nurses, therefore, must have a good understanding of themselves, their philosophical orientation in relation to counselling, and the therapies on offer, and are most likely to provide those with which they have the most familiarity. In this case, the author is describing their own philosophical approach as matching that of their clinical practice mentor, who, as an experienced mental health nurse, is a strong advocate of client centred approaches to counselling. Gamble and Curthouys (2004) describe these approaches as being founded on Rogerian principles that include empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard. Rogers (1957 in Gamble and Curthouys, 2004) suggest that within a therapeutic relationship, which is a supportive relationship between client and nurse, with the express goal of attaining rehabilitation or recovery, there should be certain features which support the client towards ‘functionality’. Thus, there needs to be contact between tw o people, nurse and client, in which the client is in a condition of incongruence, and the nurse a state of congruence, and in which the nurse displays unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding, towards the client (Rogers, 1957 in Gamble and Curthouys, 2004). The nurse must be able to communicate these factors to the client, within the client’s frame of reference (Rogers, 1957 in Gamble and Curthouys, 2004 Bryant-Jefferies (2006) argues that the therapeutic relationship must be founded on empathy, and that in order to achieve empathy the nurse must employ active listening, and must attend to all the signs and the kinds of communication which the client displays, providing a sense of being ‘present’ with the client in whatever experience they are retelling or currently experiencing. One of the more challenging aspects of developing such a relationship with the client is the provision of unconditional positive regard, which Bozarth and Wilkins (2001 in Bryant-Jefferies, 2006) describe as an ongoing, unceasing and unflagging ‘warm acceptance’ of the individual, regardless of what they might say. Some authors describe this as the element of the therapeutic relationship that is most likely to support the client towards recovery (Bozarth and Wilkins, 2001 in Bryant-Jefferies, 2006). In this case, the mental health nurse (the author’s mentor) who was the prima ry support person for the client, fully aspired to such principles and to the concept of developing the best possible therapeutic relationship with the client. The literature consistently demonstrates that the quality of the therapeutic relationship is fundamental to the client achieving a state of mental health and wellbeing (DoH, 2001; DoH, 2006; Nice, 2004). The author agreed with this and felt that their own therapeutic philosophy was founded upon similar principles, making it appropriate to get involved in the case. The client was also happy to have the author present, as they were involved in there are from admission, and had spent some time observing the client during the acute phase to prevent further self harm. Depression is a surprisingly common, yet often serious mental illness, which can present in a variety of ways, with features such as â€Å"low mood, lack of enjoyment and interest, reduced energy, sleep disturbance,appetite disturbance, reduced confidence and self-esteem, and pessimistic thinking† (Embling, 2002; p 33). According to Embling (2002), these symptoms can have a significant effect on people’s ability to take part in normal daily life or social activities, and in particular, the low mood and predisposition towards pessimistic thoughts can have a negative impact on thought processes, leading to suicidal ideation (Rollman et al, 2003).. There are a number of individual and social issues which have been shown to have an association with depression, including physical illness (acute and chronic), poverty or low socioeconomic status and deprivation, divorce, bereavement or relationship breakdown, loss of a job or sudden, negative change in circumstances, ethnic minority status, and concomitant mental illness (Embling, 2002). It is a chronic condition which can manifest in acute episodes which are often successfully managed with pharmacological and non-pharmacological support, but the relapse rate is high for many patients (Embling, 2002). It can range from mild depression to severe depression or anywhere along a spectrum in between (Rollman et al, 2003). A wide variety of therapeutic approaches have been used in treating this illness, and in Lisa’s case, she had had some success previously with solution-focused brief therapy, but had found herself relapsing once regular, close contact with a mental health nurse had lapsed. Lisa admitted that she felt the time was right to take control of her life and find ways of coping with her illness more independently, and was keen for strategies which would allow her to avoid having such serious relapses, because they themselves had a negative effect on her life and potential career. Therefore, it was agreed that CBT might be the optimal approach. Luty et al (2007) argue that CBT is not always the most efficacious therapeutic choice for severe depression, but in Lisa’s case, it seemed worth trying, particularly as her worst symptoms were related to not maintaining her medication, and once she was on her medication, the focus had to be on keeping her well enough to keep taking the tablets. Other literature suggests that CBT is effective in patients who have had a history of sexual abuse (Price et al, 2001) This seemed to imply that the focused approach to support that CBT offered would the right way, particularly as it is so focused on relapse p revention. According to NACBT (2007) cognitive behavioural therapy is the term used to describe a variety of therapeutic or interpersonal interventions, all of which are characterised by a focus on the importance of how clients think, and how this thinking impacts upon their feelings, their responses to stimuli and stressors, and their actions. Its value lies in the fact that it is structured, directive, and also time-limited, strong focusing client and nurse on the current problem, on how the client feels and thinks at the single point in time that therapy is taking place (Embling, 2002). CBT is based on â€Å"the theory that the way an individual behaves is determined by his or her idiosyncratic view of a particular situation, thus the way we think determines the way we feel and behave †(Embling, 2002p 34). According to Embling (2002), Beck et al (1979) introduced CBT , suggesting that â€Å"CBT can treat depression as it helps the client to evaluate and modify distorted thought processes and dysfunctional behaviours† (Embling, 2002) p 38). According to NACBT (2007) CBT has expanded within the therapeutic domain to include a range of approaches based upon the sample principles, including, Rational Behaviour Therapy, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy , Rational Living Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Dialectic Behaviour Therapy, all of which are based on what are described as â€Å"cognitive models of social response†. These in turn have been based on philosophical principles derived from Socratic thought, wherein individuals aim to attain a state of calm and tranquillity when challenged by stressful or difficult situations and experiences (NACBT, 2007). Thus the idea is to modulate the responses to life and experiences which precipitate symptoms of mental illness. The coun sellor directs the client to use inductive methods combined with principles of rational thinking and educative approaches, to support behavioural self-managed over the longer term , (NACBT, 2007; Sensky et al, 2000) and to prevent relapses (Bruce et al, 1999). Therefore, in CBT, the nurse provides the client with the ability to explore their behaviours, their responses and their typical symptomatic responses in particular in certain situations, and assists them in developing ways of mediating such responses so that they do not relapse into behaviours characteristic of their illness (Sensky et al, 2000; RCP, 2007; BABCP, 2007). Management of Lisa’s Care To begin with, it was really important to ensure that Lisa’s counselling and therapy was truly person-centred, in order to develop a good relationship between Lisa, the primary nurse and the author (NELMH, 2007; Moyle, 2003). The author hoped that Lisa would respond well to this approach because it would allow for the demonstration of empathy and a good understanding of how her life, previous mental illness and personal circumstances were contributing to her current illness, and therefore would support congruence in provision of support to meet her needs and address her specific concerns. However, the difficulty in achieving congruence here was that the author could not really claim to fully understand the effects of Lisa’s previous experience of sexual abuse or really relate to her experiences, and in particular, the author found some elements of her history, including the stories she told relating the sexual abuse, as very disturbing. The author discussed this with th e nurse mentor prior to the counselling sessions, and discussed how to achieve that true sense of congruence and presence, without communication their own abhorrence of the experiences that Lisa was relating. It was decided that it would be acceptable to tell Lisa that the author was appalled by these experiences, because this would underline the fact that she should not have had to suffer this abuse and that she was right to seek help in dealing with the effects on her mental health. Therefore, the author was able to enter into this counselling in supportive frame of mind, and able to achieve empathy without communicating negative feelings to the client. The focus of Lisa’s CBT was on the suicidal ideation/self-harming and the low mood and self-abhorrence that were the main manifestations of her depression. Collins and Cutcliffe (2003) show that one of the most common features displayed by mental health service users with suicidal ideation is hopelessness. This was certainly the case for Lisa, who displayed a sever pessimism about life and her ability to achieve anything like lasting recovery. Her goals to become a beauty therapist seemed unobtainable, and she felt she had no hope of making a new life for herself that was not ‘ruined’ by her previous life. However, Collins and Cutcliffe (2003) recommend CBT for this kind of pessimistic thinking because it focuses the client on establishing ‘hopefulness’ within their thought patterns. Other research shows that suicide risk can be reduced if individuals can experience others showing concern for them (Casey et al, 2006). This was supported by the author’s and the mentor’s firm belief in the efficacy of CBT for clients such as Lisa (Joyce et al, 2007). Thus, it was possible to establish an initial level of trust, and through the therapeutic relationship, the author was able to support Lisa in exploring her conditional assumptions (Curran et al, 2006) which led to the ongoing, spiralling pessimism, and then using CBT, we were able to set goals for each counselling session, set ‘homework’ which focused on self-management, and then reflect on progress as each session followed the previous one (Curran et al, 2006). The sessions focused on relapse prevent ion through changing cognitive patterns and schema, rehearsing relapse drills, and ensuring ongoing compliance with medication (Papakostas et al, 2003. While some authors argue for the need for inclusion of family or carers in therapeutic interventions such as (Chiocca, 2007), this was not possible with Lisa because she had no family and although she had a number of good friends made through her college course, none of them knew of her mental illness. The focus was therefore on health education, developing personal skills, and helping Lisa to cope with issues such as her current socioeconomic status (Jackson et al, 2006; Cutler et al, 2004). . Conclusion If, as Calloway (2007 p 106) suggests â€Å"nursing is defined as a profession that protects, promotes, and restores health and that which prevents illness and injury†, then using such a client-empowering form of therapy, one which is based on the development of realistic coping mechanisms (Salkovskis, 1995; Deakin, 1993), was the right approach with Lisa. Discussion with her revealed that focusing on relapse prevention, within an honest therapeutic relationship which addressed the factors affecting her mental health, and addressed the ways of thinking and behaviours which led to relapse, was the right approach, because these were, fundamentally, her primary needs. The person-centred approach, in particular, seemed to give her the positive, ongoing interpersonal contact she needed, such that she did demonstrate signs of moving into a state of rehabilitation and recovery. References BABCP (2007) CBT Today36 (3) Available form www.babcp.com Accessed 5-1-09 Bozarth, J. and Wilkins, P. (eds) (2001) Rogers’ Therapeutic Conditions: evolution, theory and practice Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books. In: Bryant-Jeffries, R. (2006) Counselling for Eating Disorders in Women: Person-centred dialogues Oxford: Radcliffe. Bruce, T.J., Spiegel, D.A. and Hegel, M.T. (1999) Cognitive-behavioural therapy helps prevent relapse and recurrence of panic disorder following alprazolam discontinuation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 67 (1) 151-156. Bryant-Jeffries, R. (2006) Counselling for Eating Disorders in Women: Person-centred dialogues Oxford: Radcliffe. Calloway, S. (2007) Mental Health Promotion: Is Nursing Dropping the Ball?. Journal of Professional Nursing 23 (2) 105-109. Casey, P.R., Dunn, G., Kelly, B. et al (2006) Factors associated with suicidal ideation in the general population: Five-centre analysis from the ODIN study. The British Journal of Psychiatry 189(5) 410-415. Chiocca, E. (2007) Suicidal ideation Nursing 37(5) 72. Collins, S. and Cutcliffe, J.R. (2003) Addressing hopelessness in people with suicidal ideation: building upon the therapeutic relationship utilizing a cognitive behavioural approach. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 10 (2) , 175–185 Curran, J., Machin, C. and Gournay, K. (2006) Cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with anxiety and depression. Nursing Standard 21(7) 44-52. Cutler, J.L, Goldyne, A., Markowitz, J.C. et al (2004) Comparing cognitive behaviour therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 161 (9) 1569-1578. Deakin, H. G. (1993) Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches. Ch21 pp251-292. 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In: Norman, I. Ryrie, I. (eds.) (2004) The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing: A Textbook of Principles and Practice Maidenhead: Open University Press. Gelso, C.J. Carter, J.A. (1985) The Relationship in Counseling and Psychotherapy. The Counselling Psychologist, 13 (2) 155-243 Greenberger, D and Padesky, C.A. (1995) Mind over mood. A cognitive therapy treatment manual for clients. New York: Guilford Press. Jackson, S.F., Perkins, F., Khandor, E. et al (2006) Integrated health promotion strategies: a contribution to tackling current and future health challenges. Health Promotion International 21 (Supplement 1) 75-83. Joyce, O., McKenzie, J.M., Cartern, J.D., et al (2007) Temperament, character and personality disorders as predictors of response to interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry 190(6) 503-508. 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The Public Market - Company Managers Should be Public Actors Rather than Private Agents :: Public Administration Economics

The Public Market - Company Managers Should be Public Actors Rather than Private Agents ABSTRACT: The marketplace as an institution enjoys widespread popularity today. Many economists hold that most of society’s problems could be best solved by applying the market mechanism to them. Government, by contrast, is widely considered to be a problem rather than a solution. Some would like to see the government restructured along market lines so that policies would follow voter choice, as products follow that of consumers. Some, myself included, believe that a world in which all relationships are rendered matters of private choice would lack the "public happiness" that comes from participation in public discourse and concerted action. In this paper I address what it would mean for the market to be truly public. A market that is truly public will discourage speculative investment so that managers of various firms can concentrate on the long term good of creating a social institution through which the concerted efforts of various stakeholders are coordinated. In this way, stakeholders can enrich the world through their work. The market as an institution enjoys widespread popularity today. It is held by many economists, those of the Chicago School especially, that all social problems — crime, education, health care, and discrimination — are solvable by use of the market mechanism. (1) Politics and government, by contrast, are considered by many to be problems rather than solutions. Some today even seek public office precisely to prevent government from carrying on its functions, because they and their constituencies have lost faith in government and public life. These "conservatives" believe that "privatizing" government functions, by replacing public initiatives and agencies with private firms, will establish new freedom for people to act on market choices rather than to acquiesce in laws and administrative decisions reached through the political process. Others would reconstitute government in a more market-like way, so that political deliberation and decision should follow from "public ch oices" as merchandisers follow the tastes and preferences of customers. For "public choice" theorists, as well, the public character of politics should be replaced by the private decisions of voters/consumers on the options presented them by their erstwhile leaders. (2) The public character of life is being lost. Our society is being structured by the choices of citizens concerned with themselves and their families and acquaintances, rather than with the larger public, which is increasingly but an aggregate of private persons anyway.